Stage 2 involves full text, frequently in PDF-the decision being whether to include/exclude the study, i.e. study selection based on title and abstract-involving the lowest level of extraction. Stage 1 screens database output (decision-acquire/not acquire full text), i.e. The process of data extraction for a review is, in reality, staged. Although the hope of ‘jam tomorrow’ is attractive, the reviewers have to deal with the ‘bread and butter’ of routine and manual extraction. This leaves the current reviewers with a problem. However, automated extraction of all study data still requires development for maximal accuracy and may be impossible. There is the potential gain of saving time of researchers by extracting from documents with some common structure. Without the potential to share, maintenance is needlessly repetitive. Without transparency, the systematic nature of the work is threatened. It is rare that these tabulated data contain explicit source co-ordinates and are rarely shared. Systematic reviews contain tabulated data often extracted from source Portable Document Format (PDFs). Automated extraction of data from randomised trials of the effects of healthcare is attractive.

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